How organizations (governments, private corporations, and non-profit organizations) are affected by the social, technological, and cultural environments in which they operate. Emphasis on how United States and Japanese cultures generate different modes of organization and differing environmental facilitators and obstacles. Competitive strategies (for example, mergers and takeovers) and the impact of technology on organizational structures (for example, the rapid diffusion of information technology). Research paper required, using either quantitative evidence or a case study approach.